Randeeb’s Weblog

Book: MORE SPECIFIC PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
Library References: handbook in cyber ethics
Amazona.com.References: N/A
Quote:
“Understanding of the code ethics among an invidiuals.”
Learning Expectations:

To apply the code of ethics in my life and to meet several forms of ethical issues.

Review:

Harmful actions include intentional destruction or modification of files and programs leading to serious loss of resources or unnecessary expenditure of human resources such as the time and effort required to purge systems of “computer viruses.”
Well-intended actions, including those that accomplish assigned duties, may lead to harm unexpectedly. In such an event the responsible person or persons are obligated to undo or mitigate the negative consequences as much as possible. One way to avoid unintentional harm is to carefully consider potential impacts on all those affected by decisions made during design and implementation.
To minimize the possibility of indirectly harming others, computing professionals must minimize malfunctions by following generally accepted standards for system design and testing. Furthermore, it is often necessary to assess the social consequences of systems to project the likelihood of any serious harm to others. If system features are misrepresented to users, coworkers, or supervisors, the individual computing professional is responsible for any resulting injury.
In the work environment the computing professional has the additional obligation to report any signs of system dangers that might result in serious personal or social damage. If one’s superiors do not act to curtail or mitigate such dangers, it may be necessary to “blow the whistle” to help correct the problem or reduce the risk. However, capricious or misguided reporting of violations can, itself, be harmful. Before reporting violations, all relevant aspects of the incident must be thoroughly assessed. In particular, the assessment of risk and responsibility must be credible. It is suggested that advice be sought from other computing professionals.

What I have learned:

In this chapter I have learned the following:
 Perception of people about code of ethics
 Understanding and awareness
 Different responsibilities to applied

Integrative Questions:

1. What are professional responsibilities?
2. How do you applied code of ethics in your life/
3. What type of behaviors you have in moral values/
4. What are your perception about the specific professional responsibilities?
5. How to prefer the contracts agreements and assigned responsibilities?

Book: CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Library References: None
Amazona.comReferences; N/A
Quote:
The Code shall be supplemented by a set of Guidelines, which provide explanation to assist members in dealing with the various issues contained in the Code. It is expected that the Guidelines will be changed more frequently than the Code.
The Code and its supplemented Guidelines are intended to serve as a basis for ethical decision making in the conduct of professional work. Secondarily, they may serve as a basis for judging the merit of a formal complaint pertaining to violation of professional ethical standards.
Learning Expectations:
>Positive side of code of ethics
>Application to our daily living
>Possible solution to the problems
Review:
It should be noted that although computing is not mentioned in the imperatives of Section 1, the Code is concerned with how these fundamental imperatives apply to one’s conduct as a computing professional. These imperatives are expressed in a general form to emphasize that ethical principles which apply to computer ethics are derived from more general ethical principles.
It is understood that some words and phrases in a code of ethics are subject to varying interpretations, and that any ethical principle may conflict with other ethical principles in specific situations. Questions related to ethical conflicts can best be answered by thoughtful consideration of fundamental principles, rather than reliance on detailed regulations.
This principle concerning the quality of life of all people affirms an obligation to protect fundamental human rights and to respect the diversity of all cultures. An essential aim of computing professionals is to minimize negative consequences of computing systems, including threats to health and safety. When designing or implementing systems, computing professionals must attempt to ensure that the products of their efforts will be used in socially responsible ways, will meet social needs, and will avoid harmful effects to health and welfare.
In addition to a safe social environment, human well-being includes a safe natural environment. Therefore, computing professionals who design and develop systems must be alert to, and make others aware of, any potential damage to the local or global environment.
What I have learned
The following lesson I have learned in this chapter are;
 The value of life
 The morality of human persons
 Application of code of ethics in computer world

Integrative Questions

1. What are the learning experiences of the people with other people?
2. What are code of ethics in the computer world?
3. What is quality of life?
4. What are the cons and pros of the code of ethics?
5. How to applied this code of ethics in your life?

Book: Computer Technology: The Practitioner from Within: Revisiting the Virtues by Frances S. Grodzinsky
Library References:
Amazon.com References:
Quote: “It is grounded in practical wisdom. It is experiential, learning to care about the self, others, the community, living the good life, flourishing and striving for moral excellence. It offers a model for the development of character and personal ethics which will lead to professional ethics. Yet, the strict Virtue Ethics espoused by Aristotle has its limitations. This paper will explore the need for a more integrative approach to contemporary moral theory, one that may be found by revisiting the virtues through the works of Aristotle and Kant. It will offer insight into translating theory into practice for students of computer science and information technology.”
Learning expectation:
I intend to learn in this chapter all the information where is its title is all about.
Review:
Traditionally the study of computer ethics involves taking students who are not philosophically trained, exposing them to action-guiding theories, presenting them with the codes of ethics of several companies and professional organizations and asking them to make ethical decisions in scenario-based cases. It is difficult to get from youth up a right training for virtue if one has not been brought up under right laws; for to live temperately and hardily is not pleasant to most people especially when they are young. For this reason their nurture and occupation should be fix by law. This approach is deliberately action-based and focuses on doing. “
The traditional question we ask our students. While this pedagogical methodology forces them to examine situations and argue from a particular point of view, it does little to influence their character. They see the utilitarian or deontologist as someone other than themselves.
Here seems to be very little internalization of these action-based theories. Virtue Ethics offers character-forming theory that has been more successful with my students than the action-based theories of computer ethics texts. Why? Virtue Ethics is directed toward character development.
Virtue ethics offers character-forming theory that has been more successful with the students than the action guiding theories of computer ethics. One problem of novices in the field of ethics are for the reductionist in the moral theory underlying the compute ethics, and for the one whose vision of who are is too important to jettison. Personal intentions and dispositions guide actins, and people over it.
What I have learned:
I have learned that in order to encompass with the reality that would deal with the examining the complex and novel one, and for the issues of computer technology, and for the one that for life and happiness for humans and includes other core . The different cultures took place with the ability, freedom, knowledge and resources and security. They give us reasons to favor some courses of action over others.
Integrative question:
1. What is meant by core values?
2. How does the practitioner from within, does revisited the virtues from within?
3. How does the Imagination and Narrative Genre takes place?
4. What does Ethics mean?
5. Does Ethics and Morality took hand-in-hand in the field of the computer-mediated action?

Book: Computer Technology: Ethical Issues in Business Computing by Duncan Langford
Library References:
Amazon.com References:
Quote: “Business, Legal and Ethical Issues is the first of the core subjects undertaken by Computer Professional Education Program (CPeP) students in their ongoing professional development. Professionalism is a risk management strategy and in this subject the emphasis is on applying professionalism in the business context.
”
Learning expectation:
I expect to learn how computer become useful in a business, as for the computing process.
Review:
Essentially, computers are used in business to solve problems. An individual manager, focused on use of a computer for the task in hand, may understandably lack specialist awareness of wider ethical issues Because of our new hi-tech technology, computer nowadays was very useful in may ways. It can also used in business. That is why there are so many businessman that has the newest model of computer to use for their businesses.
Nevertheless the overwhelming commercial advantages carried by use of modern computer systems, their power and distance from common human experience potentially carry considerable associated disadvantages, and for the relevant one does developed and maintained in appropriate business behavior.
The business computing is by no means straightforward, one complication is that there is no one type of computer or computer system that must be used by business people, because the nature of properly designed computer systems is to change and adapt to specific needs.
The PC’s must allow for some generalization, and for the business computing even physically identical computers become quite different in appearance and use when dissimilar applications are employed.

What I have learned:
I learned that all companies of whatever size, should consider their use of computer systems. If a policy on computer use has not already developed, it is not just sensible but essential that urgent consideration is given to the ways in which systems are currently being used, and for there are different levels that are involved with.

Integrative question:
1. What is the smallest scale of business computing?
2. At this level a business is large enough to employ a designated computer specialist
3. What is meant by level two in business computing?
4. Enumerate the tasks of business computing.
5. A level there will be at least one team of computer specialist ?

Book: Computer Technology: Subsumption Ethics by David H. Gleason
Library References:
Amazon.com References:
Quote:
“Subsumed objects have a high “invisibility factor;” and D. Subsumptive complexity increases over time. These axioms can be applied to practical problems in IT by using them in conjunction with established ethical frameworks.”

Learning expectation:
I expected to learned to know the meaning of subsumption ethics.
Review:
Subsumption ethics is the process by which decisions become incorporated into the operation of information technology (IT) systems, and subsequently forgotten. There are four axioms of subsumption ethics: T Information systems subsume design, policy and implementation decisions in programming code.
he different between computers and simple machines is the extent to which computer systems subsume design and development decisions over which users have little or no control”
Information systems subsume design, policy and implementation decisions in programming code and content; B. Subsumed objects have determinate moral value; C. The difference between computers and simple machines is the extent to which computer systems subsume design and development decision, having a little or not control. Normally, such decisions are all but forgotten after implementation. Subsumption ethics describes this process.
Which is the process by which decisions become incorporated into the operation of Information Technology systems and subsequently done, and for the IT systems, by nature, repeat operations over and over.
What I have learned:
I have learned that for the subsumption ethics and describes the four axioms of subsumption ethics, four ethical frameworks with roots of philosophical traditions are introduced, including the golden rule: the golden mean, nishaka karma and complexity”/
Integrative question:
1. What is the process by which decisions become incorporated into the operation of Information Technology?

2. What is Information Technology?

3. Explain the are the four ethical principles that have roots in antiquity
• Golden rule
• Golden mean
• Action without desire aversion
• Ethical complexity
4. It is a part of an ancient Hindu Text called Mahabharata. Explain it briefly.

5. What do we call the third ethical principle?

Book: Computer Technology: No, PAPA: Why Incomplete Codes of Ethics Are Worse Than None at All by Ben Fairwether
Library references:
Amazon.com references:
Quote:
“It has been argued that it is in the best interests of IT professionals, to adopt and enforce professional codes in the work place. But there is no code for usability engineers, unless one accepts that it is a branch of software engineering. The new joint ACM/IEEE-CS Software Engineering Code of Ethics is applied to actual usability cases. This enables usability engineers to interpret this code in their profession. This is achieved by utilizing four case studies both directly in terms of the ethical issues involved and in the light of the code.”
Learning expectation:
I expect to learn why this chapter entitling No, PAPA: Why Incomplete Codes of Ethics Are Worse Than None at All, and what are the issues.
Review:
The problem is, that by focusing on these four areas of concern, attention may be taken away from other, potentially more important, moral issues. Not all important moral issues in information technology can be put under those headings. Related, broader, questions are considered, and it is advocated that there should always be acknowledgment of the existence of ‘external’, potentially more important, moral issues.
Yet focusing on four areas gives the erroneous impression that adherence to the moral requirements in those areas alone could ensure moral rectitude.
Attempting to derive a code o0f ethics or any similar kind of any practical ethical guidance from fundamental ethical principles is of little practical help, because there is often more dispute about fundamental ethical principles .The same considerations are highly likely to apply to any moral code that is developed. Authors of incomplete moral codes risk encouraging others to act in immoral ways with the author’s apparent sanction. The ethical issues involved are many and varied”, before claiming that “it is helpful to focus on just four. There are good reasons for moral consideration of the ‘PAPA’ issues. Immorality in those areas can destroy some lives.
What I have learned:
I learned that the “information revolution” has altered many aspects of life significantly: commerce, employment, medicine, security, transportation, entertainment, and so on. Consequently, information and communication technology (ICT) has its effect in both good ways and bad ways community life, family life, human relationships, education, careers, freedom, and democracy in the field of PAPA.
Integrative question:
1. What does Privacy, Accuracy, Property and Accessibility related in the field of ICT?
2. Give the ethical issues in PAPA?
3. What is Richard Mason’s article title stands for?
4. What is the important telework issue?
5. Enumerate the Four Ethical Issues of the Information Age.

Book: Computer Technology : Software Engineering Code of Ethics: Approved! By Don Gottenbarn, Keith Miller and Simon Rogerson
Library References:
Amazon.com references:
Quote:
“To ensure, as much as possible, that their efforts will be used for good, software engineers must commit themselves to making software engineering a beneficial and respected profession. In accordance with that commitment, software engineers shall adhere to the following Code of Ethics and Professional Practice.”
Learning expectation:
In this chapter I expect to learn software engineering code of ethics.
Review:
Computers have a central and growing role in commerce, industry, government, medicine, education, entertainment and society at large. Software engineers are those who contribute by direct participation or by teaching, to the analysis, specification, design, development, certification, maintenance and testing of software systems. Because of their roles in developing software systems, software engineers have significant opportunities to do good or cause harm, to enable others to do good or cause harm, or to influence others to do good or cause harm.
Ethical tensions can be best addressed by thoughtful consideration of fundamental principles, rather than blind reliance on detailed regulations. These principles should influence software engineers to consider broadly who is affected by their work; to examine if they and their colleagues are treating other human beings with due respect; to consider how the least empowered will be affected by their decisions.
The Clauses of each Principle are illustrations of some of the obligations included in these relationships. These obligations are founded in the software engineer’s humanity, in special care owed to people affected by the work of software engineers, and in the unique elements of the practice of software engineering. The Code prescribes these as obligations of anyone claiming to be or aspiring to be a software engineer.
The Code contains eight Principles related to the behavior of and decisions made by professional software engineers, including practitioners, educators, managers, supervisors and policy makers, as well as trainees and students of the profession. The Principles identify the ethically responsible relationships in which individuals, groups, and organizations participate and the primary obligations within these relationships.
What I have learned:
I have learned the ethical tensions can best be addressed by thoughtful consideration of fundamental principles, rather than blind reliance on detailed regulations. The dynamic and demanding context of software engineering requires a code that is adaptable and relevant to new situations as the Code provides support for software engineers and managers of software engineers who need to take positive action.
Integrative question:
1. Enumerate the eight principles that software engineer shall adhere.
2. What is a software engineer?
3. Who are the person who contributed by direct participation or by teaching.
fundamental principles?
4. What is the relation of client and employer in software engineer?
5. Does it have a great importance of the Code in the eight principles of a software engineer?

Book: Computer Technology : Ethical Considerations for the Information Professions by Elizabeth A. Buchanan
Library References:
Amazon.com References:
Quote:
The range from offering only selected accounting services, to providing a complete line of the firm’s services to clients online. Alternatively, a firm may simply want clients to be able to receive information from the firm’s website. In between these extremes fall such activities as marketing, instruction, referral, and chat rooms or bulletin boards, were further involved with the ethical considerations for the information professions.”

Learning expectation:
I expect to learn the different ethical considerations for the information professions.
Review:
Ethical concerns of information science professionals from two viewpoints: concerns of practitioners and the information industry, including a prototype for ethical contexts and principles for ethical actions; and concerns of theoreticians and researchers, including system principles and ideological, political, and social frameworks. Codes of ethics are also discussed.
“Ethics is the study of morality; the study of what we do. Morality could exist without ethics but there cannot be ethics without morality. Morality is like eating; it is an crucial to living a good life but it is not an inevitable part of living or an activity engaged in by all. The following sections identify differences occurring in an online service environment, discuss ethical issues raised, and propose guidelines for an online code of ethics for business and financial professionals.
As a result, CPAs are left with little ethical guidance when problems unique to the Internet arise. Professionals may not be fully aware of the ethical issues that could arise or how their codes apply on the Internet.
One place to start is with the guidelines adopted by the medical and counseling professions that specifically address Internet practice. Providing services online enables practitioners to serve customers remotely; however, it also creates the potential for both intentional and inadvertent abuse. Only limited regulatory or professional standards specifically address online service providers. In addition, most professional codes of conduct fail to address Internet delivery of services. Code of Ethics is discussed.
What I have learned:
I learned that the growth of new opportunities is accompanied by equal, if not greater, growth in ethical issues for businesses seeking to expand their offerings via the Internet. These issues include the quality of services and information, privacy and security, nature of relationship, forms of delivery, contractual considerations, and regulation and enforcement that painstaking with it.
The Internet’s rapid expansion has enabled an equally rapid expansion of web based professional services, it has not been matched by the consideration and understanding of the related ethical implications involved.

Integrative question:
1. What is Information Profession had a great importance in our society.
2. How does philosophical study of moral behavior in the field of Information profession?
3. Identified the growth of ethical issues in Information Profession
4. What is the function of National Telecommunications and Information Administration
5. Who are the pioneers of American Library Association?

Book: Computer Technology: Written on the Body: Biometrics and Identity by Irma van der Ploeg
Library References:
Amazon.com References:
Quote:
“Biometrics is often described as `the next big thing in information technology’. Rather than IT rendering the body irrelevant to identity – a mistaken idea to begin with – the coupling of biometrics with IT unequivocally puts the body center stage. Learning expectation
I intend to learn the meaning of biometrics and identity.
Review:
The questions to be raised about biometrics is how bodies will become related to identity, and what the normative and political ramifications of this coupling will be. Unlike the body rendered knowable in the biomedical sciences, biometrics generates a readable body: it transforms the body’s surfaces and characteristics into digital codes and ciphers to be `read’ by a machine.
The metaphors open up ways to investigate the different meanings that will become attached to the biometric body and the ways in which it will be tied to identity. This paper reports on an analysis of plans and practices surrounding the Eurodac’ project, a European Union initiative to use biometrics (specif. fingerprinting) in controlling illegal immigration and border crossings by asylum seekers.
Biometrics is often described as `the next big thing in information technology’. Rather than IT rendering the body irrelevant to identity – a mistaken idea to begin with – the coupling of biometrics with IT unequivocally puts the body center stage. The questions to be raised about biometrics is how bodies will become related to identity, and what the normative and political ramifications of this coupling will be. Unlike the body rendered knowable in the biomedical sciences, biometrics generates a readable body: it transforms the body’s surfaces and characteristics into digital codes and ciphers to be read by a machine.

This metaphor says: the iris is read, in the same way that your voice can be printed, and your fingerprint can be read”, by computers that, in turn, have become touch-sensitive and endowed with seeing and hearing capacities. Thus transformed into readable text, the meaning and significance of the biometric body will be contingent upon context, and the relations established with other texts.
What I have learned:
I have learned the task of Gatekeeper was also a hi-tech thing that they invented, it only removes the envelope with the sender’s address and delivers the bare floppy disk with anonymized data to central data bases.
The knowledge of anonymizing in sending mail,, and having the knowledge of double encryption was really amazing technique to send any email or documents to someone without revealing the identity of the sender.

Integrative Questions

1. What is the description for biometrics?
2. What is Gatekeeper?
3. Enumerate the advantage and disadvantages of gatekeeper?
4. What is ATM machine?
5. Give the function of ATM machine. Enumerate each briefly.